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| FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT | ii | |
|---|---|---|
| PARTICIPANTS | v | |
| I. AMS TECHNIQUES | ||
| A Review of the Operation of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit | ||
| RJ Batten, CR Bronk, Richard Gillespie, JAJ Gowlett, REM Hedges, and Colin Perry | 177 | |
| Fast and Complete CO2-to-Graphite Conversion for 14C Accelerator Mass Spectrometry | ||
| Gert Hut, H Göte Östlund and Klaas van der Borg | 186 | |
| Production of Graphite Targets by Deposition from CO/H2 for Precision Accelerator 14C Measurements | ||
| AJT Jull, DJ Donahue, AL Hatheway, TW Linick, and LJ Toolin | 191 | |
| Measurement of 10Be and HAI with a Tandetron Accelerator Mass Spectrometer | ||
| Francoise Yiou, Grant Raisbeck, Dider Bourles, Jacques Lestringuez, and Dominique Deboffle | 198 | |
| Accelerator Mass Spectrometry with Fully Stripped 36Cl Ions | ||
| Gunther Haberstock, Johann Heinzl, Gunther Korschinek, Haruhiko Morinaga Eckehart Nolte, Ulrich Ratzinger, Kazuo Kato, and Manfred Wolf | 204 | |
| Measurement of 14C Directly from CO2 Using a Tandetron Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Facility | ||
| GM Raisbeck, Françoise Yiou, Maurice Arnold, and JC Duplessy | 211 | |
| Accelerator Radiocarbon Dating at SFU | ||
| DE Nelson, JS Vogel, JR Southon, and TA Brown | 215 | |
| Laser Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Krypton-81 Analysis | ||
| BE Lehmann, HH Loosli, Hans Oeschger, Dominique Rauber, GS Hurst, SL Allman, CH Chen, SD Kramer, Norbert Thonnard, and RD Willis | 223 | |
| Progress at the Isotrace Radiocarbon Facility | ||
| Roelf P Beukens, Debbie M Gurfinkel, and Henry W Lee | 229 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating with the University of Washington Accelerator Mass Spectrometry System | ||
| PM Grootes, Minze Stuiver, GW Farwell, DD Leach, and FH Schmidt | 237 | |
| The ETH/SIN Dating Facility: A Status Report | ||
| Georges Bonani H-J Hofmann, Elvezio Morenzoni, Marzio Nessi, Martin Suter, and Willy Wölfli | 246 | |
| II. NATURAL VARIATIONS | ||
| Secular Variations of Cosmogenic 14C on Earth: Their Discovery and Interpretation | ||
| Hans E Suess | 259 | |
| Geomagnetic-Heliomagnetic Modulation of Atmospheric Radiocarbon Production | ||
| Paul E Damon and Timothy W Linick | 266 | |
| Dendrochronology-The Absolute Irish Standard | ||
| DM Brown, MAR Munro, MGL Baillie, and JR Pitcher | 279 | |
| Ice-Core Dating of the Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary Applied to a Calibration of the 14C Time Scale | ||
| Claus U Hammer, Henrik B Clausen, and Henrik Tauber | 284 | |
| Precise Calendrical Dating of Known Growth-Period Samples Using a "Curve Fitting" Technique | ||
| GW Pearson | 292 | |
| Radiocarbon Activity Variation in Dated Tree Rings Grown in Mackenzie Delta | ||
| CY Fan, Chen Tie-Mei, Yuri Si-Xun, and Dai Kai-Mei | 300 | |
| III. THE CARBON CYCLE | ||
| Carbon Cycle: 1985: Glacial to Interglacial Changes in the Operation of the Global Carbon Cycle | ||
| Wallace S. Broecker and Tsung-Hung Peng | 309 | |
| The Temporal Distribution of "Bomb" 14C in a Forest Soil | ||
| DD Harkness, AF Harrison, and PJ Bacon | 328 | |
| Annual Variations of the 14C Content of Soil CO2 | ||
| Helmut Dörr and KO Münnich | 338 | |
| Bomb Produced 14C Content in Tree Rings Grown at Different Latitudes | ||
| Kai-Mei Dai and CY Fan | 346 | |
| 14C Depth Profiles as Indicators of Trends in Climate and 14C/12C Ratio | ||
| Robert H Brown | 350 | |
| The Use of Natural and Anthropogenic 14C to Investigate the Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon | ||
| Bernard John O'Brien | 358 | |
| Uptake of Anthropogenic CO2 by Lateral Transport Models of the Ocean Based on the Distribution of Bomb-Produced 14C | ||
| Tsung-Hung Peng | 363 | |
| Trends of 13C/12C Ratios in Pinyon Tree Rings of the American Southwest and the Global Carbon Cycle | ||
| SW Leavitt and Austin Long | 376 | |
| Thin Layer δ13C and Δ14C Monitoring of "Lessive" Soil Profiles | ||
| Peter Becker-Heidmann and Hans-Wilhelm Scharpenseel | 383 | |
| 14C in the Deep Water of the East Atlantic | ||
| Reiner Schlitzer | 391 | |
| Radiocarbon in Particulate Matter from the Eastern Sub-Arctic Pacific Ocean: Evidence of a Source of Terrestrial Carbon to the Deep | ||
| ERM Druffel, Susumu Honjo, Sheila Griffin, and CS Wong | 397 | |
| IV. METHODS AND APPLICATIONS | ||
| 14C Dating of Plant Macrofossils in Lake Sediment | ||
| Michael Andree, Hans Oeschger, Ulrich Siegenthater, Trudi Riesen, Markus Moell, Brigitta Ammann and Kazimierz Tobolski | 411 | |
| Dating Polar Ice by 14C Accelerator Mass Spectrometry I | ||
| Michael Andree, Juerg Beer, HP Loetscher, Ernst Moor, Hans Oeschger, Georges Bonani, HJ Hofmann, Elvezio Morenzoni, Marzio Nessi, Martin Suter, and Willy Wölfli | 417 | |
| AMS Radiocarbon Dates on Foraminifera from Deep Sea Sediments | ||
| Michael Andree, Hans Oeschger, WS Broecker, Nancy Beavan, Alan Mix, Georges Bonani, HJ Hofmann, Elvezio Morenzoni, Marzio Nessi, Martin Suter, and Willy Wölfli | 424 | |
| A Study of Errors in 14C Dates of Peat and Sediment | ||
| Ingrid U Olsson | 429 | |
| On the Initial 14C Activity of Karst Aquifers with Short Mean Residence Time | ||
| Ines Krajcar-Bronic, Nada Horvatincic, Dusan Srdoc, and Bogomil Obelic | 436 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Sediments | ||
| Alison J Fowler, Richard Gillespie, and Robert EM Hedges | 441 | |
| Routine AMS Dating of Bone and Shell Proteins | ||
| Richard Gillespie, REM Hedges, and MJ Humm | 451 | |
| Studies of Non-Marine Mollusks for the Selection of Shell Samples for Radiocarbon Dating | ||
| Timothy Yates | 457 | |
| Validity of 14C Ages of Carbonates in Sediments | ||
| Yijian Chen and Henry Polach | 464 | |
| Dating of Holocene Stratigraphy with Soluble and Insoluble Organic Fractions at the Lubbock Lake Site, Texas: An Ideal Case Study | ||
| Herbert Haas, Vance Holliday, and Robert Stuckenrath | 473 | |
| Anomalous High 14C Activity Found in Recent Corals from the Philippines | ||
| Horst Willkomm | 486 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Lake Sediment from Two Karst Lakes in Yugoslavia | ||
| Dusan Srdoc, Bogomil Obelic, Nada Horvatincic, Ines Krajcar-Bronic, Elena Marcenko, Joseph Merkt, How Kin Wong, and Adela Sliepcevic | 495 | |
| Multiple Dating of a Long Flowstone Profile | ||
| Mebus A Geyh and GJ Hennig | 503 | |
| The Effects of Contamination of Calcareous Sediments on their Radiocarbon Ages | ||
| Dusan Srdoc, Nada Horvatincic, Bogomil Obelic, Ines Krajcar-Bronic, and Peg O'Malley | 510 | |
| Increase of 14C Activity of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Along a River Course | ||
| Dusan Srdoc, Ines Krajcar-Bronic, Nada Horvatincic, and Bogomil Obelic | 515 | |
| Operation of the NSF-Arizona Accelerator Facility for Radioisotope Analysis and Results from Selected Collaborative Research Projects | ||
| TW Linick, AJT Jull, LJ Toolin, and DJ Donahue | 522 | |
| 14C Dating of Calcareous Tufa from Different Environments | ||
| Anna Pazdur and Mieczyslaw F Pazdur | 534 | |
| Use of AMS 14C Analysis in the Study of Problems in Aspartic Acid Racemization-Deduced Age Estimates on Bone | ||
| Paul Ennis, EA Noltmann, PE Hare, PJ Slota, Jr, LA Payen, CA Prior, and RE Taylor | 539 | |
| Revealing Histories of Exposure Using In Situ Produced 26Al and 10Be in Libyan Desert Glass | ||
| Jeffrey Klein, Robert Giegengack, Roy Middleton, Pankaj Sharma, JR Underwood, Jr, and RA Weeks | 547 | |
| The Chemical Preparation of AgCl for Measuring 36Cl in Polar Ice with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry | ||
| NJ Conard, David Elmore, PW Kubik, HE Gave, LE Tubbs, BA Chrunyk, and Martin Wahlen | 556 | |
| Palaeosols Within Loess: Dating Palaeoclimatic Events in Kashmir | ||
| Sheela Kusumgar, DP Agrawal, Navin Juyal, and Prabhakar Sharma | 561 | |
| V. CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES | ||
| A 14C Electronic Measurement System with a Microcomputer | ||
| Adam Walanus | 569 | |
| An Intercomparison of Some AMS and Small Gas Counter Laboratories | ||
| Richard Burleigh, Morven Leese, and Michael Tite | 571 | |
| A Low-Cost Miniature Counter System for Radiocarbon Dating | ||
| Kazimierz Jelen and Mebus A Geyh | 578 | |
| Detection of Bias in the Background of Vials Used for Scintillation Counting | ||
| Janet Ambers, Morven Leese, and Sheridan Bowman Sheridan Bowman | 586 | |
| The Potential of the London Underground for Liquid Scintillation Counting | ||
| Sheridan Bowman | 592 | |
| Optimization of Liquid Scintillation Counting for 14C Dating | ||
| Fernando E Angiolini and Miguel C Albero | 597 | |
| The Development of Practical Systems for 14C Measurement in Small Samples Using Miniature Counters | ||
| RL Otlet, George Huxtable, and DCW Sanderson | 603 | |
| Background Measurements with Different Shielding and Anticoincidence Systems | ||
| HH Loosli, Markus Forster, and RL Otlet | 615 | |
| VI. ANTHROPOGENIC VARIATIONS | ||
| Urban Atmospheric 14CO and 14CH4 Measurements by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry | ||
| GA Klouda, LA Currie, DJ Donahue, AJT Jull, and MH Naylor | 625 | |
| Global and Local Effects of 14C Discharges from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle | ||
| Martin McCartney, MS Baxter, Keith McKay, and EM Scott | 634 | |
| Environmental 14C Levels Around the 632 MWe Nuclear Power Plant Krsko in Yugoslavia | ||
| Bogomil Obelic, Ines Krajcar-Bronic, Dusan Srdoc and Nada Horvatincic | 644 | |
| Carbon Isotopes in Atmospheric CO2 of the Krakow Region: A Two-Year Record | ||
| Tadeusz Kuc | 649 | |
| Regional Suess Effect in the Upper Silesia Urban Area | ||
| Romuald Awsiuk and Mieczyslaw F Pazdur | 655 | |
| Radiocarbon Concentration of California Aerosols | ||
| Rainer Berger, David McJunkin, and Roberta Johnson | 661 | |
| Anthropogenic Radiocarbon: Past, Present, and Future | ||
| Pavel Povinec, Martin Chudy, and Alexander Sivo | 668 | |
| The Power of 14C Measurements Combined with Chemical Characterization for Tracing Urban Aerosol in Norway | ||
| LA Currie, GA Klouda, Jørgen Schjoldager, and Thomas Ramdahl | 673 | |
| Applications of the Use of Hawthorn Berries in Monitoring 14C Emmissions from a UK Nuclear Establishment over an Extended Period | ||
| AJ Walker, RL Otlet, and H Longley | 681 | |
| VII. APPLICATIONS IN ARCHAEOLOGY | ||
| Isotopic Fractionation of Carbon During CO2 Absorption by Mortar | ||
| Christiane Pachiaudi, Joelle Marechal, Mark Van Strydonck, Michel Dupas, and Michelle Dauchot-Dehon | 691 | |
| The AMS Dating of Separate Fractions in Archaeology | ||
| RJ Batten, Richard Gillespie, JAJ Gowlett, and REM Hedges | 698 | |
| The Influence of Contaminating (Fossil) Carbonate and the Variations of δ13C in Mortar Dating | ||
| Mark Van Strydonck, Michel Dupas, Michelle Dauchot-Dehon, Christiane Pachiaudi, and Joelle Marechal | 702 | |
| Origins of Carbon in Potsherds | ||
| Martine Gabasio, Jacques Evin, GB Arnal and Philippe Andrieux | 711 | |
| Archaeologic Sherd Dating: Comparison of Thermoluminescence Dates with Radiocarbon Dates by Beta Counting and Accelerator Techniques | ||
| RA Johnson, JJ Stipp, MA Tamers, Georges Bonani, Martin Suter, and Willy Wölfli | 719 | |
| Early Slavonic Settlements and Navigation at the Mouth of the Odra River | ||
| Romuald Awsiuk, Wladyslaw Filipowiak, Tomasz Goslar, Anna Pazdur, and Mieczyslaw F Pazdur | 726 | |
| Is Radiocarbon Dating Obsolescent for Archaeologists? | ||
| Barbara S Ottaway | 732 | |
| The Prehistoric Expansion of Farming into "Arctic" Norway: A Chronology Based on 14C Dating | ||
| Olav Sverre Johansen and Karl-Dag Vorren | 739 | |
| Discordant Ages Related to Reservoir Effect of Associated Archaeologic Remains from the Tunel Site, Beagle Channel, Argentine Republic | ||
| Miguel C Albero, Fernando E Angiolini, and Ernesto L Piana | 748 | |
| δ13C and Diet: Analysis of Norwegian Human Skeletons | ||
| Olav Sverre Johansen, Steinar Gulliksen, and Reidar Nydal | 754 | |
| VIII. REPORTING AND MANAGEMENT OF DATA | ||
| Standardizing Procedures for Collecting, Submitting, Recording, and Reporting Radiocarbon Samples | ||
| Renee Kra | 765 | |
| Toward a Thesaurus of Radiocarbon Dating and Related Terms | ||
| Dilette Polach | 776 | |
| Establishment of a Working Data Base for the International Exchange of 14C Data Using Universal Transfer Formats | ||
| JD Wilcock, RL Otlet, AJ Walker, SA Charlesworth, and J Drodge | 781 | |
| Groningen 14C Data Base | ||
| FMR Engelsman, E Taayke, and WG Mook | 788 | |
| IX. REPORTS, COMMENTS, AND REMARKS | ||
| Business Meeting | ||
| Willem G Mook | 799 | |
| Report of the 14C Data Base Workshop | ||
| Renee Kra | 800 | |
| Twelfth International Radiocarbon Conference After Dinner Remarks | ||
| Paul E Damon | 803 | |