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| Foreword and Acknowledgments | I | |
|---|---|---|
| Participants | III | |
| I. Sample Preparation and Measurement Techniques | ||
| A. Sample Preparation | ||
| AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Bones at Arizona | ||
| Austin Long, AT Wilson, RD Ernst, BH Gore and PE Hare | 231 | |
| Fundamentals of Bone Degradation Chemistry: Collagen is Not "The Way" | ||
| Richard Gillespie | 239 | |
| A Semi-Automated Bone Pretreatment System and the Pretreatment of Older and Contaminated Samples | ||
| IA Law and REM Hedges | 247 | |
| Radon Elimination During Benzene Preparation for Radiocarbon Dating by Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry | ||
| Darden Hood, Ronald Hatfield, Christopher Patrick, Jerry Stipp, Murry Tamers, Robert Leidl, Barbara Lyons, Henry Polach, Steve Robertson and Weijian Zhou | 254 | |
| Benzene Purity in Radiocarbon Dating Samples | ||
| Roy Switsur and John S Waterhouse | 260 | |
| Fast 14C Sample Preparation of Organic Material | ||
| Helmut Dörr, Bernd Kromer and Karl Otto Münnich | 264 | |
| Examination of Freshwater Peat Pretreatment Methodology | ||
| John B Williams | 269 | |
| Preparation Techniques for Radiocarbon Dating of Potsherds | ||
| Jacques Evin, Martine Gabasio and Jean-Claude Lefevre | 276 | |
| B. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry | ||
| 14C Dating With the Gif-sur-Yvette Tandetron Accelerator: Status Report and Study of Isotopic Fractionation in the Sputter Ion Source | ||
| Maurice Arnold, Edouard Bard, Pierre Maurice Helene Valladas and JC Duplessy | 284 | |
| Depth Profiles of Nitrogen and Chlorine in Pure Materials Through AMS of the Neutron Activation Products 14C and 36Cl | ||
| David Elmore, TZ Hossain, HE Gove, TK Hemmick, PW Kubik, Songsheng Jiang, JP Lavine and ST Lee | 292 | |
| Use of the CO2 Source in Radiocarbon Dating by AMS | ||
| CR Bronk and REM Hedges | 298 | |
| 41Ca Concentrations in Modem Bone and Their Implications for Dating | ||
| Roy Middleton, David Fink, Jeffrey Klein and Pankaj Sharma | 305 | |
| Studies Towards a Method for Radiocalcium Dating of Bones | ||
| Walter Kutschera, Irshad Ahmad, Pi Billquist, BG Glagola, Karen Furer, RC Pardo, Michael Paul, KE Rehm, Pi Slota, Jr, RE Taylor and IL Yntema | 311 | |
| AMS of 41Ca Using the CaF3 Negative Ion | ||
| Peter W Kubick and David Elmore | 324 | |
| C. Liquid Scintillation and Gas Counters | ||
| Liquid Scintillation 14C Spectrometry: Errors and Assurances | ||
| Henry Polach | 327 | |
| Low Background Liquid Scintillation Counting Using an Active Sample Holder and Pulse Discrimination Electronics | ||
| John E Noakes and Robert J Valenta | 332 | |
| Study of Background Pulse Spectrum of an LSC System | ||
| Sigurđur A Einarsson and Páll Theodórsson | 342 | |
| Performance of the Packard 2000 CA/LL and 2250 CA/XL Liquid Scintillation Counters for 14C Dating | ||
| GT Cook, DD Harkness and Robert Anderson | 352 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating With the Quantulus in an Underground Counting Laboratory: Performance and Background Sources | ||
| Robert M Kalin and Austin Long | 359 | |
| A Beta Test Comparison Between the New Packard 2260 XL and the LKB Quantulus and 1219 SM: Low-Level Radiocarbon and Tritium Determinations | ||
| Robert M Kalin | 368 | |
| An Inexpensive Upgrade of Older Liquid Scintillation Equipment for Radiocarbon Dating | ||
| David C Steinke and Robert M Kalin | 374 | |
| Optimization of Liquid Scintillation Counting Conditions With Two Kinds of Vials and Detector Shields for Low-Activity Radiocarbon Measurements | ||
| Gemma Rauret, JS Mestres and JF Garcia | 380 | |
| New Possibilities for 14C Measurements by Liquid Scintillation Counting | ||
| Ramon Aravena, Robert R Drimmie, Riffat Qureshi, Roger McNeely and Sandy Fabris | 387 | |
| Liquid Scintillation Counting in the London Underground | ||
| Sheridan Bowman | 393 | |
| A Counter System for High-Precision 14C Dating | ||
| Ede Hertelendi, Éva Csongor Laszlo Zaborszky Jozsef Molnar Janos Gal, Miklos Györffi and Sandor Nagy | 399 | |
| D. International Comparison Study | ||
| Design and Preparation of Samples for the International Collaborative Study | ||
| DD Harkness, GT Cook, BF Miller, EM Scott and MS Baxter | 407 | |
| An Interim Progress Report on Stages 1 and 2 of the International Collaborative Program | ||
| EM Scott, TC Aitchison, DD Harkness, MS Baxter and GT Cook | 414 | |
| 14CARE | ||
| Henry Polach | 422 | |
| II. Carbon Cycle In the Environment | ||
| A. Atmosphere | ||
| The Continental European Suess Effect | ||
| Ingeborg Levin, Joachim Schuchard, Bernd Kromer and KO Münnich | 431 | |
| Changes of Carbon Isotopes in Atmospheric CO2 of the Krakow Region in the Last Five Years | ||
| Tadeusz Kuc | 441 | |
| Microchemical and Molecular Dating | ||
| LA Currie, TW Stafford, AE Sheffield, GA Klouda, SA Wise, RA Fletcher, DJ Donahue, AJT Jull and TW Linick | 448 | |
| Variation of Concentration, 14C Activity and 13C/12C Ratios Of CO2 in Air Samples From Kitt Peak, Arizona | ||
| SW Leavitt and Austin Long | 464 | |
| The Atmospheric 13C Record as Derived From 56 Pinyon Trees at 14 Sites in the Southwestern United States | ||
| SW Leavitt and Austin Long | 469 | |
| Importance of Biospheric CO2 in a Subcanopy Atmosphere Deduced From 14C AMS Measurements | ||
| PM Grootes, G W Farwell, FH Schmidt, DD Leach and Minze Stuiver | 475 | |
| B. Oceanography | ||
| Changes in Ocean Ventilation Rates Over the Last 7000 Years Based on 14C Variations in the Atmosphere and Oceans | ||
| T-H Peng | 481 | |
| AMS 14C Study of Transient Events and of the Ventilation Rate of the Pacific Intermediate Water During the Last Deglaciation | ||
| Jean-Claude Duplessy, Maurice Arnold, Edouard Bard, Anne Juillet Leclerc, Nejib Kallel and Laurent Labeyrie | 493 | |
| Atmospheric CO2 Exchange With the Biosphere and the Ocean | ||
| Roger Bergh and Reidar Nydal | 503 | |
| Bomb 14C in the Indian Ocean Measured by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Oceanographic Implications | ||
| Edouard Bard, Maurice Arnold, JR Toggweiler, Pierre Maurice and Jean-Claude Duplessy | 510 | |
| Radiocarbon in Dissolved Organic and Inorganic Carbon From the Central North Pacific | ||
| Ellen RM Druffel, Peter M Williams, Ken Robertson, Sheila Griffin, AJT Jull, Douglas Donahue, Lawrence Toolin and TW Linick | 523 | |
| Sources of Carbon to Deep-Sea Corals | ||
| Sheila Griffin and Ellen RM Druffel | 533 | |
| 14C Profiles in the Central Weddell Sea | ||
| Peter Schlosser, Bernd Kromer, Reinhold Bayer and KO Münnich | 544 | |
| Aridity in Equatorial Africa During the Last 225,000 Years: A Record of Opal Phytoliths/Freshwater Diatoms From the Zaire (Congo) Deep-Sea. Fan (Northeast Angola Basin) | ||
| JHF Jansen, C Alderliesten, CM Houston, AFM de Jong, Klaas van der Borg and JM van Iperen | 557 | |
| C. Ice Caps and Glaciers | ||
| Application of 14C AMS Dating to the Chronology of Holocene Glacier, Fluctuations in the High Arctic, With Special Reference to Leffert Glacier, Ellesmere Island, Canada | ||
| Weston Blake, Jr | 570 | |
| The Recovery and Dating of Carbon Dioxide in Polar Ice Cores | ||
| AT Wilson and DJ Donahue | 579 | |
| A 36Cl Profile in Greenland Ice from AD 1265 to 1865 | ||
| NJ Conard, HE Gove and David Elmore | 585 | |
| D. Sediments and Secondary Carbonates | ||
| AMS 14C Dating on the Fossvogur Sediments, Iceland | ||
| GJ Andersen, Jan Heinemeier, HL Nielsen, Niels Rud, MS Thomsen, Sigfús Johnsen, Árný Sveinbjörnsdóttir and Árni Hjartarson | 592 | |
| Ultra-Small Carbon Samples and the Dating of Sediments | ||
| JS Vogel, Madeleine Briskin, DE Nelson and JR Southon | 601 | |
| Isotopic Fractionation of Oxygen and Carbon in Lime Mortar Under Natural Environmental Conditions | ||
| Mark JY van Strydonck, Michel Dupas and Edward Kippens | 610 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Travertine Deposits, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma | ||
| Dusan Srdoc, Henry Chafetz and Nancy Utech | 619 | |
| E. Soil Science | ||
| Shifts in 14C Patterns of Soil Profiles Due to Bomb Carbon, Including Effects of Morphogenetic and Turbation Processes | ||
| Hans-Wilhelm Scharpenseel and Peter Becker-Heidmann | 627 | |
| The Influence of Afforestation on Upland Solis: The Use of "Bomb 14C" Enrichment as a Quantitative Tracer for Changes in Organic Status | ||
| DD Harkness and AF Harrison | 637 | |
| AMS 14C Measurements of Fractionated Soil Organic Matter: An Approach to Deciphering the Soil Carbon Cycle | ||
| SE Trumbore, JS Vogel and JR Southon | 644 | |
| Downward Movement of Soil Organic Matter and Its Influence on Trace Element Transport (210Pb, 137Pb) in the Soil | ||
| Helmut Dörr and KO Münnich | 655 | |
| 14C Tephrochronology With Different Fractions of Paleosol Humic Matter at Procida Island, Italy | ||
| Marisa Alessio, Lucia Allegri, Carlo Azzi, Gilberto Calderoni, Cesarina Cortesi, Salvatore Improta and Vincenzo Petrone | 664 | |
| Carbon Isotope Dynamics in Some Tropical Soils | ||
| Peter Becker-Heidmann and Hans-Wilhelm Scharpenseel | 672 | |
| Evaluation of 14C Ages of Organic Fractions of Paleosols From Loess Paleosol Sequences Near Xian, China | ||
| MI Head, Weijian Zhou and Mingfu Zhou | 680 | |
| III. Global 14C Variations | ||
| A. Cosmogenic 14C and the Solar Cycle | ||
| Global Production and Decay of Radiocarbon | ||
| Paul E Damon and Robert E Sternberg | 697 | |
| Fine and Hyperfine Structure in the Spectrum of Secular Variations of Atmospheric 14C | ||
| Paul E Damon, Songlin Cheng and Timothy W Linick | 704 | |
| Spallogenic 14C in High-Altitude Rocks and in Antarctic Meteorites | ||
| AJT Jull, DJ Donahue, TW Linick and GC Wilson | 719 | |
| Possible Frequency Modulation Effects Singled Out by the Fourier Vector Amplitude in a 14C Yearly Series of Georgian Wines | ||
| Elisabetta Pierazzo and Silvia Sartori | 725 | |
| B. Anthropogenic 14C Variations | ||
| Recent 14C Activity in the Atmosphere, Clean Air and the Chernobyl Effect | ||
| Ingrid U Olsson | 740 | |
| 14C in the Environment of Swiss Nuclear Installations | ||
| Heinz Hugo Loosli and Hans Oeschger | 747 | |
| 14C Release in Various Chemical Forms With Gaseous Effluents From the Paks Nuclear Power Plant | ||
| Ede Hertelendi, Gyorgy Uchrin and Peter Ormai | 754 | |
| Accelerator-Measured 14C Activity in Tree Rings From the Vicinity of the First Atomic Bomb Test | ||
| SW Leavitt and Austin Long | 762 | |
| Tritium and 14C in Tree Rings of the Last Three Decades | ||
| Kristóf Kozák, Bogomil Obelic and Nada Horvatincic | 766 | |
| Anthropogenic 14C Variations in Atmospheric CO2 and Wines | ||
| AA Burchuladze, Martin Chudy, IV Eristave, SV Pagava, Pavel Povinec, Alexander Sivo and GI Togonidze | 771 | |
| Determination of 14C in Alcoholic Beverages | ||
| Franz Schönhofer | 777 | |
| Carbon Uptake in Aquatic Plants Deduced From Their Natural 13C and 14C Content | ||
| Elena Marcenko, Dusan Srdoc, S Golubic, J Pezdic and MJ Head | 785 | |
| C. Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale | ||
| Atmospheric Radiocarbon at the End of the Last Glacial: An Estimate Based on AMS Radiocarbon Dates on Terrestrial Macrofossils From Lake Sediments | ||
| Hugo Zbinden, Michael Andrée, Hans Oeschger, Brigitta Amman, André Lotter, Georges Bonani and Willy Wölfli | 795 | |
| Calibration of Radiocarbon Ages by Computer | ||
| Johannes van der Plicht and WG Mook | 805 | |
| Histograms Obtained From Computerized Radiocarbon Age Calibration | ||
| Minze Stuiver and Paula Reimer | 817 | |
| Improvement of the Procedure for Probabilistic Calibration of Radiocarbon Dates | ||
| Mieczyslaw F Pazdur and Danuta J Michczynska | 824 | |
| Improved Precision Measurements and Natural Variations Around 10,000 Cal BP | ||
| Tomasz Goslar and Mieczyslaw F Pazdur | 833 | |
| A Cyclograrn Analysis of the Bratislava 14C Tree-Ring Record During the Last Century | ||
| MR Attolini, Menotti Galli, Teresa Nanni and Pavel Povinec | 839 | |
| A Comparison of Methods Used for the Calibration of Radiocarbon Dates | ||
| TC Aitchison, Morven Leese, DJ Michczynska, WG Mook, RL Otlet, BS Ottaway, MF Pazdur, Johannes van der Plicht, PJ Reimer, SW Robinson, EM Scott, Minze Stuiver and Bernhard Weninger | 846 | |
| IV. Applications | ||
| A. Hydrology | ||
| The Geochemistry and Evolution of Natural Organic Solutes in Groundwater | ||
| Leonard Wassenaar, Ramon Aravena and Peter Fritz | 865 | |
| The Role of 36Cl and 14C Measurements in Australian Groundwater Studies | ||
| JR Bird, GE Calf, RF Davie, LK Fifield, TR Ophel, WR Evans, JR Kellett and MA Habermehl | 877 | |
| Comparison of the 14C Activity of Groundwater and Recent Tufa From Karst Areas in Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia | ||
| Nada Horvatincic, Dusan Srdoc, Jan Silar and Hana Tvrdíková | 884 | |
| Isotopic Investigation of the Surdulica Geothermal System | ||
| Branislav Milovanovic, Svetislav Stankovic, Miomir Komatina, Munevera Hadzisehovic, Mladen Zupancic, Nada Miljevic, Rista Stepic and Bogomil Obelic | 893 | |
| Environmental Isotope Study (14C, 13C, 18O, D, Noble Gases) on Deep Groundwater Circulation Systems in Hungary With Reference to Paleoclimate | ||
| Martin Stute and Jozsef Deák | 902 | |
| Groundwater Analysis of Environmental Carbon and Other Isotopes From the Jakarta Basin Aquifer, Indonesia | ||
| MA Geyh and Bernd Söfner | 919 | |
| 14C Analyses of Groundwater From the Botucatu Aquifer System in Brazil | ||
| Annkarin Amelia Kimmelman e Silva, Aldo da Cunha Rebouças and Maria Marlucia Freitas Santiago | 926 | |
| Investigating Gas-Water-Rock Carbon Isotope Exchange in the Field | ||
| Lorenz Eichinger | 934 | |
| B. Geochronology and Paleoclimatology | ||
| Radiocarbon and Varve Chronologies of Annually Laminated Lake Sediments of Gosciaz Lake, Central Poland | ||
| Tomasz Goslar, Anna Pazdur, Mieczyslaw F Pazdur and Adam Walanus | 940 | |
| The Timing of the Post-Glacial Marine Invasion of Kau Bay, Halmahara, Indonesia | ||
| DM Barmawidjaja, AFM de Jong, Klaas van der Borg, WA van der Kaars, WJM van der Linden and WJ Zachariasse | 948 | |
| Radiocarbon Chronology and Magnetic Susceptibility Variation in Kumaori I Lakes Sediments | ||
| Sheela Kusumgar DP Agrawal and Pankaj Sharma | 957 | |
| C. Archaeology and Material Culture | ||
| Progress in Radiocarbon Dating the Shroud of Turin | ||
| HE Gove | 965 | |
| AMS and Radiometric Dating of an Etruscan Linen Book and Associated Mummy | ||
| Rupert A Housley, Dusan Srdoc and Nada Horvatincic | 970 | |
| A Critical Review of Radiocarbon Dating of a Norse Settlement at L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland, Canada | ||
| Reidar Nydal | 976 | |
| Dating of the Upper Pleistocene Lithic Industry of Sardinia | ||
| G Klein Hofmeijer, C Alderliesten, Klaas van der Borg, CM Houston, AFM de Jong, F Martini, M Sauges, PY Sondaar and JA de Visser | 986 | |
| Radiocarbon and Thermoluminescence Dating of Prehistoric Sites in Hungary and Yugoslavia | ||
| Lazar Benkö Ferenc Horvath, Nada Horvatincic and Bogomil Obelic | 992 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of the Vucedol Culture Complex | ||
| Aleksandar Durman and Bogomil Obelic | 1003 | |
| Early English Boats | ||
| Roy Switsur | 1010 | |
| The Need for a Calibrated Radiocarbon Chronology of Near East Archaeology | ||
| HJ Bruins and WG Mook | 1019 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Ostrich Eggshells | ||
| Jurgen C Freundlich, Rudolph Kuper, Peter Breunig and Hans-Georg Bertram | 1030 | |
| First Direct AMS Dates on Early Maize From Tehuacán Mexico | ||
| Austin Long, BF Benz, DJ Donahue, AJT Jull and LJ Toolin | 1035 | |
| Complementary Use of Amino-Acid Epimerization and Radiocarbon Analysis for Dating of Mixed-Age Fossil Assemblages | ||
| Glenn A Goodfriend | 1041 | |
| Non-Age-Related Variations in Aspartic Acid Racemization in Bone From a Radiocarbon-Dated Late Holocene Archaeological Site | ||
| RE Taylor, PJ Ennis, PJ Slota, Jr and LA Payen | 1048 | |
| D. Radiocarbon Data Base | ||
| The Radiocarbon Data Base at Ruder Boskovic Institute Radiocarbon Laboratory | ||
| Bogomil Obelic | 1057 | |
| The Radiocarbon Data Base of Japan | ||
| Kunio Omoto | 1063 | |
| The International Radiocarbon Data Base: A Progress Report | ||
| Renee Kra | 1067 | |
| V. Workshops and Reports | ||
| Account of the Business Meeting at Dubrovnik, 24/6/88 | ||
| Willem G Mook | 1077 | |
| Report on the Workshop on the International Collaborative Study | ||
| EM Scott | 1079 | |
| Report of the International Radiocarbon Database Workshop | ||
| Renee Kra | 1080 | |