![[C14 Logo]](/Graphics/c14.gif)
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | ii | |
|---|---|---|
| FOREWORD | iii | |
| PARTICIPANTS | vii | |
| I. SAMPLE PREPARATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES | ||
| A. Sample Preparation | ||
| A Review of Current Approaches in the Pretreatment of Bone for Radiocarbon Dating by AMS | ||
| R. E. M. Hedges and G. J. van Klinken | 279 | |
| Experiments on 14C Dating of Contaminated Bone Using Peptides Resulting from Enzymatic Cleavage of Collagen | ||
| G. J. van Klinken and R. E. M. Hedges | 292 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Bone Osteocalcin: Isolating and Characterizing a Non-Collagen Protein | ||
| H. O. Ajie, I. R. Kaplan, P. V. Hauschka, Donna Kirner, P. J. Slota, Jr. and R. E. Taylor | 296 | |
| Developments in Sample Combustion to Carbon Dioxide, and in the Oxford AMS Carbon Dioxide Ion Source System | ||
| R. E. M. Hedges, M. J. Humm, John Foreman, G. J. van Klinken, and C. R. Bronk | 306 | |
| Examination of Background Contamination Levels for Gas Counting and AMS Target Preparation in Trondheim | ||
| Steinar Gulliksen and M. S. Thomsen | 312 | |
| A Simple Technique for Converting CO2 to AMS Target Graphite | ||
| A. T. Wilson | 318 | |
| Illumination of a Black Box: Analysis of Gas Composition During Graphite Target Preparation | ||
| A. P. McNichol A. R. Gagnon, G. A. Jones and E. A. Osborne | 321 | |
| Reduction of CO2-to-Graphite Conversion Time of Organic Materials for 14C AMS | ||
| M. S. Thomsen and Steinar Gulliksen | 330 | |
| Factorial Design Techniques Applied to Optimization of AMS Graphite Target Preparation | ||
| R. M. Verkouteren and G. A. Klouda | 335 | |
| Rapid Production of Graphite Without Contamination for Biomedical AMS | ||
| J. S. Vogel | 344 | |
| B. Conventional Techniques | ||
| High-Sensitivity Radiocarbon Dating in the 50,000 to 70,000 BP Range without Isotopic Enrichment | ||
| Austin Long and R. M. Kalin | 351 | |
| The Statistics of Low-Level Counting Using the New Generation of Packard Liquid Scintillation Counters | ||
| G. T. Cook E. M. Scott, E. M. Wright and Robert Anderson | 360 | |
| Evaluation of a Prototype Low-Level Liquid Scintillation Multisample Counter | ||
| S. A. Einarsson | 366 | |
| Instrumentation and Software for Low-Level Liquid Scintillation Counting Radiocarbon Dating | ||
| Guan Sanyuan and Xie Yuanming | 374 | |
| A Radiocarbon Dating Protocol for Use with Packard Scintillation Counters Employing Burst-Counting Circuitry | ||
| G. T. Cook and Robert Anderson | 381 | |
| Assessment of 0.3-ml MiniviaIs for Radiocarbon Dating by Liquid Scintillation Counting of Benzene | ||
| A. G. Hogg | 389 | |
| Evaluation of High-Purity Synthetic Silica Vials in Active and Passive Vial Holders for Liquid Scintillation Counting of Benzene | ||
| A. G. Hogg and J. E. Noakes | 394 | |
| A Minivial for Small-Sample 14C Dating | ||
| Lauri Kaihola, Hannu Kojola and Aarne Heinonen | 402 | |
| 14C Gas Counting: Is There Still a Future? | ||
| Pavel Povinec | 406 | |
| High-Performance 14C Gas-Proportional Counting System Applying Pulse-Shape Discrimination | ||
| Osmo Äikää, Pertti Mantynen and Tuovi Kankainen | 414 | |
| Quantifying Background Components of Low-Level Gas Proportional Counters | ||
| Páll Theodórsson | 420 | |
| Gamma Flux in 14C Laboratories | ||
| Páll Theodórsson, Lauri Kaihola, H. H. Loosli and J. M. Rodríguez | 428 | |
| C. AMS Techniques | ||
| AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Ice: Validity of the Technique and the Problem of Cosmogenic In-Situ Production in Polar Ice Cores | ||
| A. T. Wilson and D. J. Donahue | 431 | |
| Half-life Determination of 41Ca and Some Other Radioisotopes | ||
| Walter Kutschera, Irshad Ahmad and Michael Paul | 436 | |
| Prime Lab: A Dedicated AMS Facility at Purdue University | ||
| David Elmore, F. A. Rickey, P. C. Simms, M. E. Lipschutz, K. A. Mueller and T. E. Miller P#447 | ||
| Accelerator Mass Spectrometry of 14C at the Australian National University | ||
| L. K. Fifleld G. L. Allay; T. R. Ophel and M. J. Head | 452 | |
| A High Throughput 14C Accelerator Mass Spectrometer | ||
| K. H. Purser | 458 | |
| Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the Lund Pelletron Accelerator | ||
| Goran Skog, Ragnar Hellborg and Bengt Erlandsson | 468 | |
| Progress in AMS Measurements at the LLNL Spectrometer | ||
| J. R. Southon, J. S. Vogel, S. E. Trumbore, J. C. Davis, M. L. Roberts, M. W. Caffee, R. C. Finkel, I. D. Proctor, D. W. Heikkinen, A. J. Berno and R. S. Hornady | 473 | |
| The New National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: Progress and First Results | ||
| K. F. von Reden, G. A. Jones, R. J. Schneider, A. P. McNichol G. J. Cohen and K. H. Purser P#478 | ||
| D. Data Management | ||
| CalibETH: An Interactive Computer Program for the Calibration of Radiocarbon Dates | ||
| Th. R. Niklaus, Georges Bonani Markus Simonius, Martin Suter and Willy Wölfli | 483 | |
| The New Groningen 14C Data Base | ||
| Johannes van der Plicht | 493 | |
| A New Data Acquisition System for the Groningen Counters | ||
| Johannes van der Plicht H. J. Streurman and G. R. Schreuder | 500 | |
| The IAEA 14C Intercomparison Exercise 1990 | ||
| Kazimierz Rozanski, Willibald Stichler, Roberto Gonfiantini E. M. Scott R. P. Beukens, Bernd Kromer and Johannes van der Plicht | 506 | |
| Further Analysis of the International Intercomparison Study (ICS) | ||
| E. M. Scott G. T. Cook, D. D. Harkness, B. F. Miller and M. S. Baxter | 520 | |
| Announcement of a Further International Intercomparison Exercise | ||
| E. M. Scott D. D. Harkness, B. F. Miller, G. T. Cook and M. S. Baxter | 528 | |
| APPLIED ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY | ||
| A. Soils, Sediments, Carbonates | ||
| The Use of Natural 14C and 13C in Soils for Studies on Global Climate Change | ||
| Peter Becker-Heidmann and H. W. Scharpenseel | 535 | |
| Twenty-Five Years of Radiocarbon Dating Soils: Paradigm of Erring and Learning | ||
| H. W. Scharpenseel and Peter Becker-Heidmann | 541 | |
| Radiocarbon AMS Dating of Pollen Extracted from Peat Samples | ||
| T. A. Brown, G. W. Farwell P. M. Grootes and F. H. Schmidt | 550 | |
| Separation and 14C Dating of Pure Pollen from Lake Sediments: Nanofossil AMS Dating | ||
| Austin Long, O. K. Davis and Jeanne De Lanois | 557 | |
| Lake Sediments from the Kashmir Himalayas: Inverted 14C Chronology and Its Implications | ||
| Sheela Kusumgar, D. P. Agrawal, Narendra Bhandari R. D. Deshpande, Alok Raina, Chhemendra Sharma and M. G. Yadava | 561 | |
| Accurate Dating of Organic Deposits by AMS 14C Measurement of Macrofossils | ||
| T. E. Tornqvist, Arie F. M. de Jong, W. A. Oosterbaan and Klaas van der Borg | 566 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Anodonta in the Mojave River Basin | ||
| Rainer Berger and Norman Meek | 578 | |
| Anthropogenic Influence on the 14C Activity and Other Constituents of Recent Lake Sediments: A Case Study | ||
| Dusan Srdoc, Nada Horvatincic, Marijan Ahel, Walter Giger, Christian Schaffner, Ines Krajcar Bronic, Donat Petricioli, Joze Pedzic Elena Marcenko and Andjelka Plenkovic-Moraj | 585 | |
| Experimental Determination of the 14C Initial Activity of Calcareous Deposits | ||
| Ines Krajcar Bronic, Nada Horvatincic, Dusan Srdoc and Bogomil Obelic | 593 | |
| A Comparison of Radiocarbon and U/Th Ages on Continental Carbonates | ||
| J.-Ch. Fontes, J. N. Andrews, Christiane Causse and Elisabeth Gibert | 602 | |
| Mass Spectrometric 14C and U-Th Measurements in Coral | ||
| G. S. Burr, R. L. Edwards, D. J. Donahue, E. R. M. Druffel and F. W. Taylor | 611 | |
| Comparing Continental Carbonates with Other Materials in Dating a Paleolake | ||
| J. F. Garcia, J. F. Mestres and Gemma Raurel | 619 | |
| B. Groundwater | ||
| Sources and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Harp Lake Forested Catchment: The Role of Soils | ||
| S. E. Trumbore, S. L. Schiff, Ramon Aravena and Richard Elgood | 626 | |
| Evaluating Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Cycling in a Forested Lake Watershed Using Carbon Isotopes | ||
| Ramon Aravena, S. L. Schiff, S. E. Trumbore, P. J. Dillon and Richard Elgood | 636 | |
| Reaction-Path Formulation of a Simple Dissolution Model for Radiocarbon Dating Groundwater Dissolved Organic and Inorganic 14C Concentrations and Ages for Coastal Plain Aquifers in Southern Maryland | ||
| C. B. Purdy, G. S. Burr, Meyer Rubin, G. R. Helz and A. C. Mignerey | 654 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Groundwater in a Confined Aquifer in Southeast Arizona | ||
| Frederick N. Robertson | 664 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Travertines Precipitated from Freshwater | ||
| Josep Mas-Pla, Josep Trilla and M. L. Valls | 677 | |
| 14C Dating of Groundwater Containing Microbial CH4 | ||
| K. C. Hackley, C. L. Liu and D. D. Coleman | 686 | |
| Radiocarbon Anomalies Observed for Plants Growing in Icelandic Geothermal Waters | ||
| Arny E. Sveinbjornsdóttir, Jan Heinemeier, Niels Rud and S. J. Johnsen | 696 | |
| III. GLOBAL 14C PRODUCTION AND VARIATION | ||
| Anthropogenic Radiocarbon in the Eastern Irish Sea and Scottish Coastal Waters | ||
| F. H. Begg, G. T. Cook M. S. Baxter, E. M. Scott and Martin McCartney | 707 | |
| 14C Profiles in the Norwegian and Greenland Seas by Conventional and AMS Measurements | ||
| Reidar Nydal Jorunn Gislefoss, Ingunn Skjelvan, Fred Skogseth, A. J. T. Jull and D. J. Donahue | 717 | |
| Radiocarbon Measurements in South Pacific Ocean Waters in the Vicinity of the Subtropical Convergence Zone | ||
| R. J. Sparks, G. W. Drummond, G. W. Brailsford, D. C. Lowe, K. R. Lassey, M. R. Manning, C. B. Taylor and Gavin Wallace | 727 | |
| Measurements of Cosmogenic 14C Produced by Spallation in High-Altitude Rocks | ||
| A. J. T. Jull, Amy E. Wilson, G. S. Burr, L. J. Toolin and D. J. Donahue | 737 | |
| Measurement of 14C Concentrations of Stratospheric CO., by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry | ||
| Toshio Nakamura, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Nobuyuki Nakai Hiroyuki Kitagawa, Hideyuki Honda, Tomizo Itoh Toshinobu Machida and Eiji Matsumoto | 745 | |
| Bomb-Produced 14C in Tree Rings | ||
| Dai Kaimei Qian Youneng and C. Y. Fan | 753 | |
| 14C Activity in Different Sections and Chemical Fractions of Oak Tree Rings, AD 1938-1981 | ||
| I. U. Olsson and Goran Possnert | 757 | |
| 14C in Austrian Wine and Vinegar | ||
| Franz Schönhofer | 768 | |
| Possible Effects of Ozone Depletion on the Global Carbon Cycle | ||
| Tsung-Hung Peng | 772 | |
| IV. PALEOCLIMATOLOGY | ||
| δ13C Variations in C3 Plants Over the Past 50,000 Years | ||
| S. W. Leavitt and S. R. Danzer | 783 | |
| A New Tree-Ring Width, δ13C and 14C Investigation of the Two Creeks Site | ||
| S. W. Leavitt and R. M. Kalin | 792 | |
| Common Spectral Features in the 5500-Year Record of Total Carbonate in Sea Sediments and Radiocarbon in Tree Rings | ||
| G. C. Castagnoli, Giuseppe Bonino, Marina Serio and C. P. Sonett | 798 | |
| Radiocarbon Variations from Tasmanian Conifers: First Results from Late Pleistocene and Holocene Logs | ||
| Mike Barbetti Trevor Bird, George Dolezal, Gillian Taylor, Roger Francey, Edward Cook and Mike Peterson | 806 | |
| Chronology of the Baxie Loess Profile and the History of Monsoon Climates in China Between 17,000 and 6000 Years BP | ||
| Weijian Zhou, Zhisheng An, Benhai Lin, Jule Mao, Jinzhao Zhang, Jun Xie, Mingfu Zhou, S. C. Porter, M. J. Head and D. J. Donahue | 818 | |
| Possibilities for Reconstructing Radiocarbon Level Changes During the Late Glacial by Using a Laminated Sequence of Gosciaz Lake | ||
| Tomasz Goslar, Tadeusz Kuc, M. F. Pazdur, Magdalena Ralsku-Jasiewiczowa, Kazimierz Rozanski Krystyna Szeroczynska, Adam Walanus, Bogumil Wicik, Kazimierz Wieckowski | 826 | |
| Geochronologic and Paleoclimatic Characterization of Quaternary Sediments in the Great Hungarian Plain | ||
| Ede Hertelendi, Pĺl Sümegi and Gyula Szöör | 833 | |
| V. ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS | ||
| Radiocarbon Dating of Fourteen Dead Sea Scrolls | ||
| Georges Bonani, Susan Ivy, Willy Wölfli, Magen Broshi, Israel Carmi and John Strugnell | 843 | |
| The Impact of Accelerator Dating at the Early Village of Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates | ||
| A. M. T. Moore | 850 | |
| Radiocarbon Chronology of Late Neolithic Settlements in the Tisza-Maros Region, Hungary | ||
| Ede Hertelendi and Ferenc Horváth | 859 | |
| Direct Radiocarbon Dating of Rock Art | ||
| Jon Russ, Marian Hyman and Marvin Rowe | 867 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Lime Fractions and Organic Material from Buildings | ||
| Mark J. Y. van Strydonck, Klaas van der Borg, Arie F. M. de Jong and Eduard Keppens | 873 | |
| 14C Dating Mortar in Ireland | ||
| Rainer Berger | 880 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Copper-Preserved Organics | ||
| R. P. Beukens, L. A. Pavlish, R. G. V. Hancock, R. M. Farquhar, G. C. Wilson, P. J. Julig and William Ross | 890 | |
| Radiocarbon Dating of Iron Artifacts | ||
| R. G. Cresswell | 898 | |
| Results and Methods in the Radiocarbon Dating of Pottery | ||
| R. E. M. Hedges, Chen Tiemei and R. A. Housley | 906 | |
| Radiocarbon Results for the British Beakers | ||
| Janet Ambers, Sheridan Bowman, Alex Gibson and Ian Kinnes | 916 | |
| Dating Precolumbian Museum Objects | ||
| Mark J. Y. van Strydonck, Klaas van der Borg and Arie F. M. de Jong | 928 | |
| VI. NOTES, COMMENTS AND REPORTS | ||
| Radiocarbon Dating: A Didactic Videotape | ||
| Gemma Rauret, J. S. Mestres and J. F. Garcia | 937 | |
| Account of the Business Meeting, 24 May 1991 | ||
| Willem G. Mook | 938 | |
| Report of the Workshop, "Paleoenvironments of the Eastern Mediterranean", 19 May 1991 | ||
| R. S. Kra and Ofer Bar-Yosef | 940 | |
| Report of the Workshop, "Prospects for Temporal Extension of the Radiocarbon Calibration" 19 May 1991 | ||
| Malcolm K. Hughes and Steven W. Leavitt | 941 | |
| Report of the Workshop, "Liquid Scintillation Counting", 18-19 May 1991 | ||
| Henry A. Polach | 942 | |