Radiocarbon Production by the Gamma-Ray Component of Supernova Explosions

Paul E. Damon, Dai Kaimei, Grant E. Kocharov, Irina B. Mikheeva and Alexei N. Peristykh

We selected SN1006, the brightest and closest to Earth of all supernovas historically observed, for a study of 14C production by e-,e+-bremsstrahlung cascades initiated by hard gamma rays (>10 MeV) from that event. During the cascade, bremsstrahlung energies eventually fall within a giant (n,<gamma>), (n,2<gamma>) cross-section, peaking at 23 MeV and approaching effectively zero below 10 MeV and above 40 MeV. The neutrons are absorbed primarily in the reaction 14N(n,p)14C. Cellulose from single-year tree rings from AD 1003 to AD 1020 was measured to determine D14C. Three years after the first visual observation of SN1006, D14C rose and remained above pre-AD 1009 values until AD 1018. Comparison of the 7 years before AD 1009 with the 9 years following show an average increase of 6.1 ± 1.6 (s.d.) per mil (significant at the 99.6% confidence level). Such a pulse of 14C requires a total production of neutrons of 17.1 107n cm-2e, implying an input of 11.3 104 ergs cm-2e gamma-ray energy. This requires the total supernova gamma-ray energy (>10 MeV) to have been 1 · 1050 ergs.

[Radiocarbon Volume 37, Number 2, 1995]