Radiocarbon Volume 37, Number 2, 1995

Proceedings of the 15th International Radiocarbon Conference

Click on highlighted page number to see an abstract of the article.

Contents

I. 14C in the Reconstruction of Past Environments

A. 14C in Carbonates, Sediments, Shells, Tephra and Other Environmental Media
Radiocarbon Age Offsets in Different-Sized Carbonate Components of Deep-Sea Sediments
 John Thomson, G. T. Cook, Robert Anderson, A. B. MacKenzie, D. D. Harkness and I. N. McCave91
Paleoclimatic Implications of Radiocarbon Dating Of Speleothems from the Cracow-Wielun Upland, Southern Poland
 Anna Pazdur, Mieczyslaw F. Pazdur, Jacek Pawlyta, Andrzej Górny and Michal Olszewski103
Radiocarbon and Thermoluminescence Studies of the Karst Pipe Systems in Southwest England and South Wales
 Mieczyslaw F. Pazdur, Andrzej Bluszcz, Anna Pazdur and Iwona Morawiecka111
Radiocarbon Dating of Shells and Foraminifera from the Skagen Core, Denmark: Evidence of Reworking
 Susanne Heier-Nielsen, Keld Conradsen, Jan Heinemeier, K. L. Knudsen, H. L. Nielsen, Niels Rud and Á. E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir119
Radiocarbon Dating of Holocene Sediments: Flood Events and Evolution of the Labe (Elbe) River in Central Bohemia (Czech Republic)
 Pavel Jílek, Jaroslava Melková, Eliska Ruzicková, Jan Silar and Antonín Zeman131
Radiocarbon Dating Recent Volcanic Activity on Faial Island (Azores)
 José Madeira, A. M. Monge Soares, António Brum Da Silveira and António Serralheiro139
Radiocarbon Age of the Laacher See Tephra: 11,230 ± 40 BP
 Irena Hajdas, Susan D. Ivy-Ochs, Georges Bonani, André F. Lotter, Bernd Zolitschka and Christian Schlüchter149
14C Calibration in the Southern Hemisphere and the Date of the Last Taupo Eruption: Evidence from Tree-Ring Sequences
 R. J. Sparks, W. H. Melhuish, J. W. A. McKee, John Ogden, J. G. Palmer and B. P. J. Molloy155
A Correction for In-Situ 14C in Antarctic Ice with 14CO
 Job van Roijen, Klaas van der Borg, Arie de Jong and Johannes Oerlemans165
Radiocarbon-Dated Subfossil Stomach Oil Deposits from Petrel Nesting Sites: Novel Paleoenvironmental Records from Continental Antarctica
 Achim Hiller, Wolf-Dieter Hermichen and Ulrich Wand171
B. Past Environments
A 30,000-Year Pollen and Radiocarbon Record from Highland Sumatra as Evidence for Climatic Change
 B. K. Maloney and F. G. McCormac181
A Comparative Study of Monsoonal and Non-Monsoonal Himalayan Lakes, India
 Sheela Kusumgar, D. P. Agrawal, R. D. Deshpande, Rengaswamy Ramesh, Chhemendra Sharma and M. G. Yadava191
Precision Calendar-Year Dating of the Elm Decline in a Sphagnum-Peat Bog in Southern Sweden
 Göran Skog and Joachim Regnéll197

II. 14C in Archaeology

A. Dating of Cultures and Sites
14C Dating of an Israelite Biblical Site at Kuntillet Ajrud (Horvat Teman)
 Zeev Meshel, Israel Carmi and Dror Segal205
Tell Es-Sultan (Jericho): Radiocarbon Results of Short- Lived Cereal and Multiyear Charcoal Samples From the End of the Middle Bronze Age
 Hendrik J. Bruins and Johannes van der Plicht213
Berlin 14C Dates of Archaeological Sites in Vietnam
 Jochen Görsdorf and Nguyen Viet221
Radiocarbon Dates of the Earliest Neolithic in Central Europe
 Harald Stäuble227
Re-Evaluation of the Neolithic in Eastern Hungary Based on Calibrated Radiocarbon Dates
 Ede Hertelendi, Nándor Kalicz, Pál Raczky, Ferenc Horváth, Mihály Veres, Éva Svingor, István Futó and László Bartosiewicz239
14C AMS Dating the Transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic in South China
 Sixun Yuan, Guoxing Zhou, Zhiyu Guo, Zimo Zhang, Shijun Gao, Kun Li, Jiangjun Wang, Kexing Liu, Bin Li and Xiangyang Lu245
The Occupation History of the Region Between the Dvina and Lovat Rivers in Relation to the Dynamics of Environmental Change
 G. I. Zaitseva, A. M. Mikliaev and A. N. Mazurkevich251
Radiocarbon Dating of the Zagreb Upper Town Prehistoric Settlement
 Bogomil Obelic, Marija Smalcelj, Nada Horvatincic, Romana Bistrovic and Adela Sliepcevic259
Evidence for a Lost Millennium in Biblical Chronology
 G. E. Aardsma267
B. Methodological Development
Direct Radiocarbon Dating of Pottery: Selective Heat Treatment to Retrieve Smoke-Derived Carbon
 Emmanuelle Delqué Kolic275
Is Tooth Enamel Carbonate a Suitable Material for Radiocarbon Dating?
 R. E. M. Hedges, J. A. Lee-Thorp and N. C. Tuross285
Problems in Dating Stone-Age Settlements on Sandy Soils: The Hof Ten Damme Site Near Melsele, Belgium
 Mark J. Y. Van Strydonck, Jean-Pierre Van Roeyen, Guido Minnaert and Cyriel Verbruggen291
Dating Pictographs with Radiocarbon
 Wayne Ilger, Marian Hyman, John Southon and Marvin Rowe299
Chemical Composition and Sample Preparation of Archaeological Wood for Radiocarbon Dating
 G. I. Zaitseva311
Radiocarbon Dating of Biochemically Characterized Hair
 R. E. Taylor, P. E. Hare, Christine A. Prior, Donna L. Kirner, Lijun Wan and Richard R. Burky319
Studies on Selected Proteins of Bone in Archaeology
 Harry Sobel and Rainer Berger331
A Computer-Based Database for Radiocarbon Dates of Central Andean Archaeology
 Adam Michczynski, Andrzej Krzanowski, Mieczyslaw F. Pazdur and Mariusz S. Ziolkowski337

III. Calibration of the 14C Time Scale

A. Calibration Tools
The Swedish Time Scale: A Potential Calibration Tool for the Radiocarbon Time Scale During the Late Weichselian
 Barbara Wohlfarth, Svante Björck and Göran Possnert347
Radiocarbon Variations from Tasmanian Conifers: Results from Three Early Holocene Logs
 Mike Barbetti, Trevor Bird, George Dolezal, Gillian Taylor, Roger Francey, Edward Cook and Mike Peterson361
AMS 14C Dating of Varved Sediments from Lake Suigetsu, Central Japan and Atmospheric 14C Change During the Late Pleistocene
 Hiroyuki Kitagawa, Hitoshi Fukuzawa, Toshio Nakamura, Makoto Okamura, Keiji Takemura, Akira Hayashida and Yoshinori Yasuda371
Radiocarbon Dating Tephra Layers in Britain and Iceland
 A. J. Dugmore, G. T. Cook, J. S. Shore, A. J. Newton, K. J. Edwards and Guđrún Larsen379
A Comparison of Marine and Terrestrial Radiocarbon Ages from Northern Chile
 John R. Southon, Amy Oakland Rodman and Delbert True389
Location-Dependent Differences in the 14C Content of Wood
 F. G. McCormac, M. G. L. Baillie, J. R. Pilcher and R. M. Kalin395
Radiocarbon Dating of Prehistoric Shell from New Zealand and Calculation of the DR Value Using Fish Otoliths
 T. F. G. Higham and A. G. Hogg409
Cosmogenic Radiocarbon and Cyclical Natural Processes
 Valentin Dergachev and Vladimir Chistyakov417
B. Data Analysis
Radiocarbon Calibration and Analysis of Stratigraphy: The OxCal Program
 Christopher Bronk Ramsey425
A Bayesian Approach to the Use of 14C Dates in the Estimation of the Age of Peat
 J. A. Christen, R. S. Clymo and C. D. Litton431
Stratified 14C Dates and Ceramic Chronologies: Case Studies for the Early Bronze Age at Troy (Turkey) and Ezero (Bulgaria)
 Bernhard Weninger443

IV. 14C as a Tracer of the Dynamic Carbon Cycle in the Current Environment

A. Impact of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Anthropogenic 14C Marine Geochemistry in the Vicinity of a Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plant
 G. T. Cook, F. H. Begg, Philip Naysmith, E. M. Scott and Martin McCartney459
Ecological Chronology of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Sites
 Michael Buzinny, Nikolaj Kovalyukh, Ilja Likhtarjov, Ivan Los, Valerij Nesvetajlo, Mieczyslaw F. Pazdur, Vadim Skripkin, Oleg Shkvorets and Emlen Sobotovich469
14CH4 Emissions from Nuclear Power Plants in Northwestern Europe
 Roos Eisma, Alex T. Vermeulen and Klaas van der Borg475
Radiocarbon Dispersion around Canadian Nuclear Facilities
 G. M. Milton, S. J. Kramer, R. M. Brown, C. J. W. Repta, K. J. King and R. R. Rao485
Concentration of Radiocarbon and Its Chemical Forms in Gaseous Effluents, Environmental Air, Nuclear Waste and Primary Water of a Pressurized Water Reactor Power Plant in Hungary
 Mihály Veres, Ede Hertelendi, György Uchrin, Eszter Csaba, István Barnabás, Péter Ormai, Gábor Volent and István Futó497
A Survey of Environmental 14C Levels in Hong Kong
 P. L. Leung, M. J. Stokes, S. H. Qiu and L. Z. Cai505
B. Quantifying Variations
Atmospheric 14CO2 Variations in the Equatorial Region
 Kazimierz Rozanski, Ingeborg Levin, Jürgen Stock, Raul E. Guevara Falcon and Fernando Rubio509
Regional Variability of Surface Ocean Radiocarbon from Southern Great Barrier Reef Corals
 Ellen R. M. Druffel and Sheila Griffin517
The 14C Content of Modern Vegetation Samples from the Flanks of the Katla Volcano, Southern Iceland
 J. S. Shore, G. T. Cook and A. J. Dugmore525
C. Components of the Cycle
Estimating Flow and Recharge Rates of Groundwater in Western Taiwan Using Radiocarbon and Tritium
 Tsung-Kwei Liu531
Radiocarbon Concentration and Origin of Thermal Karst Waters in the Region of the Bükk Mountains, Northeastern Hungary
 Ede Hertelendi, Mihály Veres, István Futó, Éva Svingor, Lajos Mikó, László Lénárt, József Deák and Miklós Süveges543
Origin of 14C in Icelandic Groundwater
 Árný E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Jan Heinemeier and Stefán Arnórsson551
Use of Bomb-Produced 14C to Evaluate the Amount of CO2 Emanating from Two Peat Bogs in Finland
 Högne Jungner, Eloni Sonninen, Göran Possnert and Kimmo Tolonen567
Estimating Long-Term Carbon Accumulation Rates in Boreal Peatlands by Radiocarbon Dating
 Atte Korhola, Kimmo Tolonen, Jukka Turunen and Högne Jungner575
A Method for Quantifying Deep-Sea Carbonate Dissolution Using 14C Dating
 S. A. van Kreveld, G. M. Ganssen, J. E. van Hinte, M. M. Melkert, S. R. Troelstra, K. van der Borg and A. de Jong585
D. Fluctuations in Tree Rings
Solar Flare Particle Effects and Seasonal Radiocarbon Variations in Tree Rings of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
 Paolo Bartolomei, Stefano Cecchini, Stefano Cini, Menotti Galli, Roberto Gaimpieri, Cinzia Mongardi, Teresa Nanni and Agostino Salomoni593
Radiocarbon Production by the Gamma-Ray Component of Supernova Explosions
 Paul E. Damon, Dai Kaimei, Grant E. Kocharov, Irina B. Mikheeva and Alexei N. Peristykh599
A Single-Year delta13C Chronology from Pinus tabulaeformis (Chinese Pine) Tree Rings at Huangling, China
 Steven W. Leavitt, Liu Yu, Malcolm K. Hughes, Liu Rongmo, An Zhisheng, Graciela M. Gutierrez, Shelley R. Danzer and Shao Xuemei605
Radiocarbon Dating of Buried Trees and Climate Change in West-Central Oklahoma
 Owen K. Davis, Dai Kaimei, Jeffrey S. Dean, Jim Parks and Robert M. Kalin611

V. ADVANCES IN MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

A. Accelerator Techniques
AMS 14C Measurements of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Pore Waters from a Deep-Sea "Cold Seep" Giant Clam Community Off Hatsushima Island, Sagami Bay, Japan
 Toshiyuki Masuzawa, Hiroyuki Kitagawa, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Nobuhiko Handa and Toshio Nakamura617
AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Ancient Oriental Iron Artifacts at Nagoya University
 Toshio Nakamura, Masahiro Hirasawa and Kenzo Igaki629
Application of AMS 14C Dating to Ice Core Research
 A. T. Wilson637
The Use of Zeolite Molecular Sieves for Trapping Low Concentrations of CO2 from Environmental Atmospheres
 R. A. Bol and D. D. Harkness643
The HVEE 14C System at Groningen
 Andreas Gottdang, Dirk J. W. Mous and Johannes van der Plicht649
First Results from the Groningen AMS Facility
 Johannes van der Plicht, Anita Aerts, Stef Wijma and Albert Zondervan657
The Antares AMS Centre: A Status Report
 Claudio Tuniz, David Fink, Michael Hotchkis, Geraldine Jacobsen, Ewan Lawson, Andrew Smith, Quan Hua, Peter Drewer, Peter Lee, Vladimir Levchenko, Roger Bird, John Boldeman, Mike Barbetti, Gillian Taylor and John Head663
Breakthrough of the Mini-Cyclotron Mass Spectrometer for 14C Analysis
 Maobai Chen, Deming Li, Senlin Xu, Guosheng Chen, Ligong Shen, Xiangshun Lu, Weiyu Zhang, Yuexiang Zhang, Zongkun Zhong and Yingji Zhang675
Improvements in Procedural Blanks at NOSAMS: Reflections of Improvements in Sample Preparation and Accelerator Operation
 A. P. McNichol, A. R. Gagnon, E. A. Osborne, D. L. Hutton, K. F. von Reden and R. J. Schneider683
Measurements of the Oxalic Acid II /Oxalic Acid I Ratio as a Quality Control Parameter at NOSAMS
 R. J. Schneider, A. P. McNichol, M. J. Nadeau and K. F. von Reden693
Reduction in Backgrounds of Microsamples for AMS 14C Dating
 D. L. Kirner, R. E. Taylor and John R. Southon697
Improvements and Applications of AMS Radiocarbon Measurement at Peking University
 Zhiyu Guo, Kexin Liu, Kun Li, Jianjun Wang, Bin Li, Xiangyang Lu, Chia-erh Chen, Tiemei Chen, Sixun Yuan and Shijun Gao705
Radiocarbon with Gas Chromatography
 Christopher Bronk Ramsey and R. E. M. Hedges711
B. Advances in beta Counting
Influence of Chromium Endowment and Surface Area of Silica- Alumina Catalysts and of Reaction Conditions on Benzene Synthesis
 Peter Becker-Heidmann, Achim Hiller and Jörg Hofmann717
Stability of a New, Multichannel, Low-Level Liquid Scintillation Counter System, Kvartett
 Sigurđur Einarsson and Páll Theodórsson727
Change of Calibration Parameters in Frequently Used Vials in Benzene Scintillation Counting
 Herbert Haas737
Newly Designed 0.8-ml Teflon® Vial for Microvolume Radiocarbon Dating
 Michael Buzinny and Vadim Skripkin743
Sources of Radon Contamination in 14C Dating
 Nada Horvatincic, Bogomil Obelic, Ines Krajcar Bronic, Dusan Srdoc and Romana Bistrovic749
External Radon Disturbance of 14C Measurements in Gas- Proportional Counters
 Magnus Hedberg and Páll Theodórsson759
C. Data Management
A Beta-Counting System Linked to a Personal Computer
 Kunio Omoto767
Low-Level Liquid Scintillation Counter Array with Computerized Data Acquisition and Age Calculation Capabilities for 14C Dating
 J. E. Noakes, J. D. Spaulding and R. J. Valenta773
A Data Acquisition System for Proportional Counters at Gliwice
 Adam Michczynski, Tomasz Goslar, Anna Pazdur and Mieczyslaw F. Pazdur781
A General Computer Program for Radiocarbon Dating Laboratories
 Cecilio González-Gómez789
D. Analytical Quality Control Services
Intercomparison of High-Precision DELTA14C Analyses Using Gas Counting and AMS
 Ellen R. M. Druffel, Douglas J. Donahue, Sheila Griffin and George S. Burr791
Radiocarbon Age Assessment of a New, Near Background IAEA 14C Quality Assurance Material
 A. G. Hogg, Thomas Higham, Steve Robertson, Roelf Beukens, Tuovi Kankainen, F. G. McCormac, Johannes van der Plicht and Minze Stuiver797
Radiocarbon Intercomparison Studies at the Rudjer Boskovic Institute
 Ines Krajcar Bronic, Nada Horvatincic, Bogomil Obelic and Romana Bristrovic805

VI. NOTES, COMMENTS AND REPORTS

Report of the AMS Sample Preparation Workshop, Saturday 13 August 1994
 John S. Vogel815
Report of the Radiocarbon in Soils Workshop, Saturday 13 August 1994
 Peter Becker-Heidmann and Doug Harkness818
Report of the TIRI Workshop, Saturday 13 August 1994
 Steinar Gulliksen and Marian Scott820
Report of the Archaeology Workshop, Sunday 14 August 1994
 Mark Van Strydonck822
Report of the Carbon in Oceans Workshop, Sunday 14 August 1994
 Ann P. McNichol824
Report of the Business Meeting, Friday 19 August 1994
 Marian Scott, Doug Harkness and A. J. T. Jull826
A Note Concerning "Location-Dependent Differences in the 14C Content of Wood" by McCormac et al.
 Paul E. Damon829